![]() Analysis of surgical process models can reveal the bottlenecks and potential improvements to the surgeries, aiding further advances 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. In surgical process modelling, surgeries are treated not as an artist-driven process but as a sequence of tasks and steps that are followed by the clinical team 3, which can support analysis and predicting surgical actions. However, without a solid knowledge of these treatment processes, they can hardly be improved 2. Improving these highly complex surgical procedures is a shared concern of experts with different backgrounds. In recent years, with the introduction of new technologies, tools and hybrid operating rooms (ORs), surgeries became increasingly convoluted 1. To better expose this process, expert consensus meetings, national and international guidelines provide generalized recommendations on a high abstraction level based on the pillars of evidence-based medicine. This agrees with the fact that many of the processes during surgery are processed mentally inside the artist’s/surgeon’s brain. The established model covers all the surgical and interventional activities and the connections between them and provides a foundation for extensive quantitative analysis and simulations of MILT procedures for improving computer-assisted surgery systems, surgeon training and evaluation, surgeon guidance and planning systems and evaluation of new technologies.įor many years, surgery has been considered an art, treating surgery as an artist-driven process. The generic process model, encompassing thirteen phases, was verified against videos of MILT procedures and interviews with surgeons. The generic surgical process model was established at three different granularity levels. Moreover, a generic surgical process model for these differences in MILTs is introduced. In this paper, surgical process model strategies are applied for the analysis of different Minimally Invasive Liver Treatments (MILTs), including ablation and surgical resection of the liver lesions. Surgical process modelling is an innovative approach that aims to simplify the challenges involved in improving surgeries through quantitative analysis of a well-established model of surgical activities.
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